Barotrauma is best described as an injury caused by what?

• A. Injury resulting from pressure disequilibrium across body surfaces
• B. Infection of the middle ear from bacteria
• C. Dehydration of mucous membranes
• D. Electrical injury from equipment malfunction

Answer: (A)

Barotrauma happens when changes in surrounding pressure create a mismatch across gas-containing or fluid-filled body spaces, so the gas expands or compresses and injures tissues. This mechanical injury from pressure differences is why it’s most commonly seen with diving or flying, affecting areas like the ears, sinuses, or lungs when equalization isn’t possible quickly enough. It’s not caused by infection, dehydration of mucous membranes, or electrical injury, which makes the description of barotrauma as an injury from pressure disequilibrium across body surfaces the best fit. For example, blocked drainage of the middle ear prevents pressure equalization and can damage the tympanic membrane, while rapid ascent can cause alveolar rupture in the lungs.